CONFIRMED
The Snowden Disclosures
In May 2013, a 29-year-old NSA contractor named Edward Snowden boarded a flight from Honolulu to Hong Kong carrying four laptops loaded with classified documents from the world's largest signals-intelligence agency. Over the following months, *The Guardian*, *The Washington Post* and *Der Spiegel* published material from those drives that revealed the architecture of post-9/11 surveillance — PRISM, XKeyscore, Boundless Informant, MUSCULAR. Within ninety days, the global conversation about surveillance, sovereignty, and the limits of state power had shifted. Snowden has lived in Russia since August 2013.
Whistleblowers & Leaks
2013
