On the nights of the 2014 Winter Olympics in Sochi, in a building that was supposed to be one of the most secure anti-doping laboratories in the world, a quiet operation was running on the other side of a wall. In a storage room next to the official lab, an officer of Russia's federal security service, the FSB, sat with a stock of clean urine — frozen months earlier, when the country's top athletes were still drug-free — and a technique for opening the supposedly tamper-proof sample bottles that were meant to make cheating impossible. As protected athletes competed and produced their mandatory samples, those bottles were passed, in the dark, through a hand-sized hole drilled in the wall between the two rooms; the dirty urine inside was poured out, the clean urine poured in, the bottles resealed, and the results recorded as negative. Russia topped the medal table at its own Games. Two years later, the chemist who had directed the whole scheme — Grigory Rodchenkov, the head of the laboratory — was living under protection in the United States, telling the New York Times and a documentary filmmaker exactly how it had been done. What followed was the most thoroughly documented state-sponsored sports fraud in history: a WADA investigation that implicated more than a thousand athletes across dozens of sports, forensic proof of tampered bottles, and the exclusion of Russia, under its own flag, from the next several Olympic Games. This article sets out how the system worked, how it was exposed, and why — despite all of it — the reckoning was so much smaller than the crime.
State & Intelligence Operations
2014
