Tag
#1956
2 articles
COINTELPRO
Between 1956 and 1971, the Federal Bureau of Investigation ran a counter-intelligence program against Americans. Not foreign agents — Americans. The targets were Martin Luther King Jr., Malcolm X, the Black Panther Party, the American Indian Movement, the Students for a Democratic Society, the Communist Party, the Ku Klux Klan, and dozens of others. The methods included blackmail, forged letters, planted informants, and — in at least one documented case — collaboration in a killing. The program stayed secret until eight people walked into an FBI office in Pennsylvania on the night of a heavyweight title fight.
Operation Gladio
From 1956 onward, NATO and the CIA helped build clandestine paramilitary networks across Western Europe — Italy, Belgium, West Germany, France, the Netherlands, Greece, Turkey, Spain, Portugal — designed to wage guerrilla war if the Red Army crossed the Iron Curtain. The Red Army never crossed. The networks did not disband. In Italy, where the operation was codenamed Gladio, the same structures became entangled with right-wing terror that killed hundreds of civilians between 1969 and 1984. The network's existence was confirmed by the Italian Prime Minister, in Parliament, on October 24, 1990.
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